The influence of peculiar features of the North and the Arctic on formation of scope of research works and the directions of regional policy is shown. The assessment of cold (climatic discomfort, permafrost, etc.), periferieness, high natural and resource potential, ethnicity is directed on the studying of traditional problems of demography, the organization of the relations between corporations and territories, the tax and budgetary providing. The problem of choice of measurement techniques of level of economic and social condition is especially allocated. The attempt to coordinate raw specialization of the northern and the arctic regions with the solution of strategic problems of their sustainable development is made.

The paper outlines evolution of human capital theory. It provides a methodological approach for measuring the level of human capital development in the regions of Russian Federation. The approach suggested enables to determine the qualitative state of human capital in each region, to find out the reasons underpinning the current situation, to asses regions’ contribution to the overall national human capital, to develop some individual approach to forming another quality human capital and its managing for each territory. The methodology afforded the instrument ware based on the qualimetric analysis, which uses the natural estimates (indicators) of an object. A system of indicators simulating the human capital state puts forward the following modules: demographic, educational, labor, research and sociocultural. The tool offered allows differentiation of the Russian regions into the levels of human capital state. The 2011 rating of Russian regions according to the human capital state is given.

The paper reviews the development of theoretical concepts and conditions for the organization of self-developing territorial systems. Significance of management mechanisms of regional financial resources for ensuring financial stability of territories is shown. Aspects of budgetary policy of the Russian Federation are evaluated, the reasons of its low efficiency are revealed. A process of transformation of subsidized regions into self-developing ones is defined in economics terms. The paper proves that the growth of economy social orientation is the key condition for the concept of self-development of territories to be realized. Criteria and key indicators which can be applied to the evaluation of financial situation of regions, the level of social orientation of economies of territories during their transformation into self-developing ones, are defined. Criteria, key indicators and evolution stages of underdeveloped subsidized regions are defined. Formation conditions of self-developing regions are specified. Special priority is given to the development of institutional environment, organization macroeconomic conditions providing transformation of subsidized regions into self-developing states.

The article is devoted to the actual problem to find the adequate methods to assess the economic performance of municipalities conditioned by their growing independence and role in the development of regional economy. Nowadays many researchers are working on the practical application and testing of various approaches to assessing the territory economic results based on the calculation of gross municipal product (GÌP). However, the development of methodological reasonable calculation tools is still at an early stage. In this article presents a simplified method of calculating the gross municipal product, an analysis of the dynamics and territorial industrial structure GÌP, implemented in terms of grouping areas GÌP methods hierarchical cluster analysis of the economic characteristics of the obtained clusters based on systematic occurring in the economic literature, methodological developments in the calculation of gross municipal product, determination of strengths and weaknesses of different methodological approaches.

The data on the fish fauna and fish food resources in the Bovanenkovo gas field are presented. The estimation of fishery and fishery potential of water bodies, hydrobiological characteristics of water bodies in the studied area are given. It is shown that the arrangement of the gas field leads to overfishing BGKM fish and change the state of aquatic ecosystems associated with the violation of runoff, backfilling flood waters, crossing streams communications, water diversion, pollution, sand mining. The hydrobionts reaction to anthropogenic influence in the area of the gas field developmentis identified and recommendations to reduce the impact on aquatic ecosystems in the period of construction are given.

The paper presents results of research related to the evaluation of the effectiveness of cleaner production (CP) based on the application of best available technology (BAT), made for nonferrous-metals industry of the Ural region. The advantages of the introduction of BAT are considered, the need to establish the indicator «suitable environmental quality», with which technology can be identified as BAT is specified. Indicators used in determining the efficiency of production are analyzed, and a system of indicators to measure the parameters of clean production, confirming and evaluating the effect of increases in efficiency has been proposed. Additionally, it is proposed to include in the system of target indicators for an assessment of productivity of accepted strategic decisions on enterprise development, options, which are designed according to the criterion of «clean technologies», and reflect the company goal to achieve economic growth.

Pro forma data for exploration of mineral raw material base of some territories Ural regions are given. Perspective trajectories of development of mineral raw complex of federal subjects Russia’s are characterized. On this basis are highlighted groups of region — saving, reducing, raising the level of raw specialization or diversifying own economy. Peculiarities of forecasting technological development in ore mining branches in the period of planned economy of the USSR are illustrated. Indexes of successfully working iron-ore open casts are given. The raise of internal Russian demand on raw is grounded, for which satisfaction are needed: corresponding tax policy for innovative production, corporate innovative policy, creating fund of supporting ore mining, commercialization of scientific products and working out rules in the sphere of scientific and technical progress. Peculiarities of technological development of ore mining branches of industry are emphasized: necessity of modernization of enterprises and exploration of deposits in regions with not enough developed infrastructure and opportunity of using new system approach by forecasting. The stages of effective exploration of deposits and the parameters of developing ore mining enterprises are found out. Components of forecast of technological development are analyzed. World tendencies of developing ore mining industry and basic directions of forecast of developing ore mining branches are given. New effective technologies being used in the ore mining are analyzed in detail.

The article gives the evaluation of the technological development level of the regional metallurgical complex; the condition of the innovation activity and the reasons for its depression. Negative tendencies and system problems of the regional metallurgy are highlighted. The capabilities and constraints of the industry development considering global tendencies, changes at the world market and new challenges are viewed. Strategic directions of the regional metallurgy development in the long term are identified concerning not only the gauge improvement and the production quality but also new technological and organizational decisions. Priority of the innovation development strategy providing brand new technological image of metallurgy is substantiated. The results of the formed regional metallurgical complex technological development program up to 2020 realization are presented.

The article reviews the issues of difficult and often uncooperative relationships between producers (suppliers) and retail networks within the context of development of the new structure of regional food market. At the present stage, the problem of numerous additional requirements presented by retail trade networks to producers during the conclusion of supply contract is noted as crucial for both parties. Hypotheses were formulated during analysis of literature their verification showed that the basis of disputed situations is mainly composed by price and bonus payments. The economic substance of bonus payments is collected by retail networks from agricultural producers and producers of food commodities is revealed. Relative importance of bonus payments in terms of retail networks and suppliers is compared; importance of divergence of their viewpoints is estimated. On the basis of quantitative and qualitative empirical data, the attempt to define the main disputed zones, with the help of modern marketing tools is undertaken.

Article is devoted to problems of purchase of the electric power in the wholesale market for the industry of Russia. Authors considered the mechanism of pricing and various combinations between the prices of the market for days forward and the prices of the balancing market. Favorable and adverse ratios between the prices of the balancing market and submitted plans for power consumption are revealed. The urgency of forecasting of the industrial power consumption, allowing providing a sustainable development not only power supply systems and the power companies, but also region economy as a whole is proved. Recommendations about improvement of forecasting of the power consumption, based on the account not only the factors defining requirement for the electric power, but also factors considering tendencies of the balancing market are offered. As methods of forecasting sharing of methods of the regression analysis and method of expert evaluations is offered. Results of research will allow to increase accuracy of forecasting and to reduce financial losses not only at level of the concrete enterprises, but also at region level as a whole.

Consider the content of the category of «sustainability» in relation to socio-economic systems, reveals the basic conditions of stability of functioning of the regional industrial-economic complex. The author suggests his own approach to the assessment of the stability of the integral result of the food system of the region in terms of calorific value. The basic principles of construction of a mathematical model of sustainable provision of population of the region adequate food are presented.

The regression models of GRP, considering the impact of three main factors: investment in fixed assets, wages amount, and, importantly, the innovation factor –the expenditures for research and development, are constructed in this paper on the empirical data for Arkhangelsk region. That approach permits to evaluate explicitly the contribution of innovation to economic growth. Regression analysis is the main research instrument, all calculations are performed in the Microsoft Excel. There were made meaningful conclusions regarding the potential of the region's GRP growth by various factors, including impacts of positive and negative time lags. Adequate and relevant models are the base for estimation and forecasting values of the dependent variable (GRP) and evaluating their confidence intervals. The invented method of research can be used in factor assessment and prediction of regional economic growth, including growth by expectations.

The subject of the research is the processes of Russian knowledge economy development, its progress on the regional level is taken as a theme, which determined the purpose of research: development of the regional knowledge economy development indicative planning method conceptual model. The methodological base of the research is the knowledge economy concept and supply and demand theory, the methods of comparative and system analysis and theoretical modeling; common generalization and classification methods and regression models are used in the work. As a result, we managed to create the regional knowledge economy development indicative planning method conceptual model, which includes the choice of the types of indicative plans and the justification for the complex of indicators according to the stated requirements to this complex. The model of supply and demand for knowledge dependency from the knowledge cost, allowing to determine the acceptable range for the indicators proceeding from the demand and supply levels and their interrelation, is developed. The obtained results may be used by the regional government authorities while planning the regional innovative development and consulting companies while making the proposals for this development.

This paper presents a dynamic multiregional model of labor migration in continuous time within the framework of the neoclassical economics. The model can predict the dynamics of migration flows as well as the dynamics of economic effects of migration simultaneously for host regions and source countries. Thanks to liberalization of the migratory legislation of the Russian Federation in 2007, the model can be used for Russian regions and CIS states, which citizens were granted entry without a visa and a simplified procedure of employment in Russia. Employing the model to statistical data, forecast trajectories of migration flows to Russian regions from CIS states have been received for the period since 2010 to 2016. The predicted migration looks quite realistic and has important policy consequences. In particular, these findings can be used for developing work permit quotas.

Consider regularities and tendencies for the three types of entrepreneurial structures — small enterprises, medium enterprises and individual entrepreneurs. The aim of the research was to confirm the possibilities of describing indicators of aggregate entrepreneurial structures with the use of normal law distribution functions. Presented proposed by the author the methodological approach and results of construction of the functions of the density distribution for the main indicators for the various objects: the Russian Federation, regions, as well as aggregates of entrepreneurial structures, specialized in certain forms of economic activity. All the developed functions, as shown by the logical and statistical analysis, are of high quality and well-approximate the original data. In general, the proposed methodological approach is versatile and can be used in further studies of aggregates of entrepreneurial structures. The received results can be applied in solving a wide range of problems justify the need for personnel and financial resources at the federal, regional and municipal levels, as well as the formation of plans and forecasts of development entrepreneurship and improvement of this sector of the economy.

The article deals with the problem of accumulation and usage of technogenic metallurgical resources in the regions where the largest steel plants are accommodated. The features of exploration and development of the mineral potential of technogenic metallurgical resources are presented through the introduction of technologies of deep complex processing of technogenic raw materials. The topicality of technogenic raw materials usage to expand the mineral resource base of zinc producers in Russia is substantiated. The prospects of the zinc industry in terms of development of raw conversion by using technological resources are explored. A methodical approach to evaluating the effectiveness of the usage of technogenic metallurgical raw materials is developed. Approaches to establish the price of technogenic raw materials are determined; the expediency of increasing environmental charges for waste disposal is highlighted. Methodological developments are tested to assess the effectiveness of the usage of technogenic waste products made by ferrous metallurgy plants in Russia as a raw material for zinc production. There are set of the priorities for the usage of raw potential of the technogenic resources to develop the zinc industry.

Significance of a government grows considerably in the context of adverse exogenous conditions and the recessionary tendencies in the world economy. One of the effective tools of a purposeful influence on the economy is tax administration. It is evident that tax administration system improvement is inseparable from development of a system of effectiveness evaluation. Analysis and systematization of theoretical and empirical investigations in the field of tax administration carried out in the course of study resulted in formulating the author’s notion of the concept of the tax administration system, which was defined as a set of forms and methods of realization of the tax mechanism by public administration intended for the encouragement of socio-economic development. Relying on the notion of tax administration system and the institutional theory it was concluded that first of all tax administration ought to be aimed at satisfying requirements of taxpayers. The extent of satisfying requirements of taxpayers was proposed to evaluate by means of designed technique of estimation of tax administration attractiveness for taxpayers. The results obtained by the application of the technique are presented in the article.

The paper considers the issues of region’s economic security. Threat characterization of economic security and their influence in terms of 13 life domains is presented. Innovation factor and its contribution into modern economic growth is given. The author defines “innovation security of territorial subdivision” placing emphasis on the innovation society emergency with multi-vector socially oriented economy. It provides world’s standards of life quality and life environment, development of innovation effective economy, with science and engineering progress to result from a certain level of innovation culture providing economic security. The relations of innovation security and innovation culture are considered as one of many life domains of region’s security.

By the purpose of the given research was revealing the basic problems and prospects of development of small business in regions. The methodology of reception of results of the specified purpose consists in the generalized analysis of scientific and legislative sources in the field of economic and organizational problems of development of small business in regions of Russia. As a result of research is revealed, that unions, association, and other public associations of the small enterprises more and more actively work at regional levels. System of commercial and industrial chambers having in significant potential in the sphere of support of the fine businessmen in regions essentially has become stronger. Area of application of results of the given research can be used by the managers of small business and teachers of higher educational institutions in the sphere of preparation of the managers in economy and management. The results of research allow to make conclusions: The level of development of small business in regions, in comparison of the advanced foreign states, rather lags behind; the analysis of the normative certificates in sphere of small business from a position of their influence on development of regions testifies, that the mechanism of state influence includes economic and organizational measures; the small business has the brightly expressed regional orientation.

Ways to generate new economic and financial benefits from the practice of rationalization work in the industrial enterprise are considered. An attempt to combine the practice rationalization work with the capabilities of tools and techniques of the modern management technologies is made. It is offered to learn the tools and techniques of the technologies by members of the 4types of the formed cross-functional teams through the tutorials. It is offered to distribute the tutorials between the four stages of the method PDCA management cycle. It is shown that the creation of teams and development of tutorials will create internal resources for innovation projects to achieve effective changes in economic development of the enterprise.

In the article, the transport role in the decision of problems of innovative and scientifically-technological development of territory is defined. Dependence of quality, completeness and timeliness of granting of transport services on replenishment and updating of park of locomotives, cars, i.e. from a level of development of domestic transport mechanical engineering is shown. The basic problems of development given branches –low competitiveness of made production are revealed. The basic accent in the course of such analysis is made on research of competitive possibilities of the enterprises of railway mechanical engineering of Sverdlovsk area. Such enterprises play the increasing role, become points of development of region’s economy and maintenance of its social and economic safety. The cooperation communications, which have developed in an industrial complex of Sverdlovsk area on the basis of development of modern manufacture on building of electric locomotives, have allowed to generate in region cluster railway mechanical engineering. The structure cluster is shown, development prospects, the estimation of its influence on the economy of Sverdlovsk area and maintenance of its social and economic security is given.

The paper discusses the main directions of the social and economic cooperation among SCO member states in trade, economic and investment spheres, and transport-communication potential of the region. On the example of The Republic of Uzbekistan, it is discussed the priorities of the social and economic development, such as the modernization of industry and competitiveness, the increase of investment, the development of the transport system, as well as the project of a free industrial economic zone in the context of the SCO member states. The author shows that the equal and mutually beneficial cooperation in the SCO framework in various areas of economic cooperation has to be developed, which in fact confirms the expectations of its role as a key element of strengthening of the economic security and stability, and the harmonization of the integration processes in the region. Also, the article examines the legal framework of cooperation in the SCO framework, such as the Treaty on the long-term friendship and cooperation of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, which establishes the principles of sovereignty, territorial integrity and inviolability of the borders of the SCO countries, peaceful resolution of differences and disputes, as well as mutual respect for the choice of the path of political, economic, social and cultural development, according to national circumstances of each state.

The authors summarize the main results of two years of the operation of the Customs Union in Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia, which is hardly impressive in the aftermath of the global financial crisis and economic instability in Belarus. However, the authors stressed that it is too early to jump to conclusions about the effectiveness of the Customs Union. In addition, the structure of trade, working arrangements and the list of goods are changed. Separately it is analyzed the changing economic situation in Kazakhstan, where the increased influx of Russian investments are after joining the Customs Union fully operational. In different sectors of the domestic economy are active joint Kazakh-Russian companies because Kazakhstan has more attractive business environment, compared to Russia. Russian companies are interested in Kazakhstan and produce this product to sell back to Russia or Belarus. For Kazakhstan benefit is job creation, expansion of production base, increasing tax revenues, new investments.

The article considers how the potential of estimation of policy in the SCO member countries (Republic of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Republic of Tajikistan, Republic of Uzbekistan and Russian Federation) is being realized. By characterizing forming and developing institute of estimation of policy the prime attention is given to the period and the reasons of an appearance; to allocating stages of development; to the institutional environment (to normative acts, methodical tools); to the types of estimating most actively used; to target audiences; to the mechanism of involvement of the public and experts; to object of estimation (spheres of estimating activity). As a result of the short analysis of the situation developed in member countries of the SCO around formation of institute of policy estimation, the author draws a conclusion that these processes gain in each state the national specifics caused not only by strategic objectives of socioeconomic and political development, but first of all, by the directions and results of administrative reforms carried out. Herewith are being preserved certain common problems including insufficient understanding role of estimation both as an administrative tool and as a mechanism of forming civil society. A consequence is a low demand on estimation from the state structures; absence of the national organizations for estimation; a lack of vocational level of the qualified estimators; weak readiness of own methodological base; information isolation of results even of estimating researches carried out etc.

The analysis is made of dissociating USSR and followed after that economic crisis in its former republics. Values of soviet society are pointed out. It is highlighted, that economic, social, educational and cultural links between countries — former republics of the former USSR are broken. Meanwhile, also in today’s conditions the independent states can form united economic, scientific, educational, cultural and humanitarian spaces, keeping by that own sovereignties. Scales of countries are to consider here. For instance, for Kyrgyzstan it is rational to contact with concrete subjects of Russian Federation, for example, by exporting production of agriculture and importing production of machinery. For instance, in the sphere of education for forming united space such obstacle is to clear, as presence (for example, in Kyrgyzstan) of different public and private forms of education and a presence of many foreign educational institutions with different ideological preferences. The soviet experience of training specialists seems to be rational. It is necessary to save cultural relationship of folks of Russia and post-Soviet Asia. It is necessary to create conditions for migrants, in order to help them to adapt to Russian conditions.

The character of partnership of Central Asia countries is described. Prosperity of each of these countries for natural resources is analyzed. Is highlighted that the countries of region complete each other in the context of resources. In order to resist a negative influence of globalization, countries of a region should become integrated using complementarity of their economic potentials. The countries of region derived from the USSR productions united into the single technological and transport net. Meanwhile, there were more disintegration processes in the last years. China placed into the region very big investments. Chinese capital is being placed in Tajikistan, for example, into energetic, road building, agriculture. Position of Russia in the region is feeble. Critically is evaluated economic cooperation of the region with non-CIS states. Leader of integration in the region can become Russia. It is reasonable to use Russia for the organization of links. The positive influence of policy of tsarist Russia on the region in the foretime is underlined. External and internal factors of disintegration in the region are analyzed. It is supposed to create within the SCO a research fund for solving scientific problems of an international character.

Within this article, the analysis of various theoretical approaches to assessment of international integration is carried out (3 blocks of criterions of degrees of countries integration are allocated: degree of involvement of national economy into international trade, degree of participation of national economy at the international movement of production factors and level of economic development of the country) as well as the author's approach is offered to assessment of level of trade integration of Kazakhstan and Russia on the basis of following coefficients: coefficient of preference, coefficient of mutual preference and coefficient of relative preference. The approach offered by the author to an assessment of the international economic cooperation, in particular trade integration of Kazakhstan and Russia, can be used for the analysis of bilateral cooperation within the SCO, the CIS, the Eurasian economic community and other integration groups.

International links of China were intensified with the realization of policy of reforms. It becomes relevant to understand, how citizens of China cognize the world. The results of sociological surveys are given, carried out by the Chinese Academy of social sciences in the context of appreciating Russia by Chinese. Are discussed questions, how well do they know Russia, in comparison with other countries, how positive do they appreciate Russia, whether do they experience a positive sensation towards Russia, and, if yes, on what is this attitude grounded. Analogously is shown, why a part of respondents do not experience a positive sensation towards Russia. An attitude of Chinese towards prospects of Chinese-Russian relations is analyzed. The more positive attitude is expressed, the older respondents are. By and large, is made a conclusion about reliability of social base for development of relations between Russia and China, and about success and perspective of this development.

The author considers the main areas of cooperation of SCO member states in the framework of the international organization (the state security and the fight against terrorism, territorial integrity and stability, education, health, environment). The stages of security policy of the SCO are determined. The events of recent years have witnessed the growing negative trends in the SCO region and adjacent territories. The fight against international terrorism, extremism and drug trafficking has become the focal activity of the SCO's security. It is obvious the necessity of diversification of foreign relations and finding new partners who would not seek to have a noticeable impact on the configuration of alliances and integration structures in the region. Moreover, the author analyzes the problems and prospects of further cooperation and expanding the influence of the international organization. The directions for the strategy of integration of the SC are proposed.

The Government of Mongolia has a policy to improve the standard of living and employment, as well as to increase employment at the macroeconomic level. In today's world, the personal income tax is an instrument of regulation of family and personal consumption, savings, employment, marriage, and population growth, as well as the redistribution of income. Over the last 20 years, the country's membership in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) for creation of a safe environment increase investments and carry out tax reform in order to maintain employment and financial competition. The author considers the practice of income tax in different countries and examines the practice of the personal income tax in Mongolia, identifies problem areas and suggests solutions. Also, there are assessed the objectives of the Government of Mongolia to the changes in the tax on personal income.

North Caucasian federal district is considered in the context of its geostrategic importance and geoeconomic understanding. Possibilities of integration of its subjects with the coastal Caspian states and extra-regional states are analyzed; as well as strategic partners of North Caucasus are highlighted. The following groups of subjects in Caspian Sea region are emphasized: coastal near-Caspian countries, countries of the transit zone, traditional regional players and large world players. The author also calculates factors of growth and supposes econometric models of growth of North Caucasian federal district on the basis of methodology of ranging of endogenous and exogenous factors of growth. The conclusion is made on the basis of the research. The main drivers of international economic integration of the majority of subjects of North Caucasian federal district are exogenous factors, and it reflects a nature of extending processes of globalization within the Shanghai cooperation organization.

The article concerns modern state and development of migration processes in SCO member states. As a main method of research statistical analysis was applied. The article shows that migration streams between SCO member states are rather intensive, and the problem of labor migration becomes more and more urgent. The countries of consuming and supplying of labour force are clearly differentiated in the region. For some countries, labor export is the key sector of economy. At the same time, interstate relations between SCO member states sometimes are rather disputed. The most urgent factors causing the development of migration processes in the region were determined. Among them, the factor of growing outflows from China is especially noted. It is noted that migration processes are discussed by SCO member states nowadays in terms of illegal migration and international criminality connected with it. It means that the question of labor migration is a real problem. It is indicated that the creation of a specific joint commission on migration policy affiliated with the Council of Foreign Ministers of SCO member states is the necessary condition of effective interaction in migration questions within the framework of Shanghai Cooperation Organization.