This paper considers the relevance of the formation of new macroeconomic models of post-crisis development of the national economy and regional economy. It is noted that there is not just a set of models of national economies and a set of methodological approaches to its modeling. Formation of macroeconomic models takes into consideration the features of socio-economic development of individual regions. In this context, the major regions are highlighted, in particular, the Ural Federal District. It is noted that the structure of regional economic space of the Ural Federal District is different, and different is the level of involvement of the region in the global economy. The problem of correlation of the history of economic ideas and the world of real economic processes of recent decades is reviewed. Predictive capacity of the modern theory of the cycle and the possibility of using its analytical tools for the formation of a new macroeconomic model of post-crisis development of the national economy is analyzed.