This paper describes the features, priorities and directions of state policy in nanotechnological development in the Russian Federation. The basic concepts of nanoeconomics in the modern economic theory were defined, these are: utilitarian, evolutionary, institutional and behaviorist ones. The content of the strategic multi-level process as a component of nanoindustrialization within the VI technological mode based on a structural model of the global economic system and metaindustrial function was disclosed. The most important area of nanoindustrialization (as identified by the author) is the development of economic genetics and analysis of human activity on the nanoscale level (operations, activities, methods and movements). A powerful technological breakthrough and modernization of the Russian economy in the conditions of formation and growth of the VI technological mode are possible in form of organization of large-scale studies on the evolution, strategy and technology of social relations development that are adequate to the specifics of the new socio-economic structure.

The object field of knowledge-based economy is formed by appropriate real system of relations in production, distribution, exchange, and consumption reflecting its innovative and creative character. The variety of forms of institutions, organizations, and information are becoming the factors of the structuring, functioning, and evolving of knowledge-based economy in a global scale. Collaboration is attracting more and more attention from both researchers and experts in economics, politics, law, sociology, culture as a fast emerging and efficient but underexplored form of relations among subjects of knowledge-based economy. Collaboration is an appropriate to the nature of knowledge-based economy form of cooperation, which is detailed according to its subjects, objects, levels, and scale, spheres and industries, sectors and segments. Collaboration provides both intensive and extensive development of VI technological mode creating totally new types and generations of products and services. The diversity of local and regional, inter-firm and international forms of collaboration is accelerating in all spheres of global economy. Despite over simplifying, contemporary science has to think over the essence and evolutionary potential of collaboration as well as to work out justified recommendations for the practice.